Coleman Technologies Blog

Give Me the Short Answer - What’s Phishing?

Phishing is where you get an email that looks like an actual legit email. The goal that a cybercriminal has is to trick you into giving them a password or access to an account (like to PayPal, Facebook, or your bank) or to get you to download malware.

The problem with phishing emails is how real they can seem. A phishing attempt for your PayPal information can look just like an everyday email from PayPal.

Even worse, often phishing emails try to sound urgent. They make you feel like you have to take action quickly, or that a bill is overdue, or that your password has been stolen. This can lower the user’s guard, and force them into a sticky situation.

How to Spot a Phishing Attack

Like I said, it’s not always going to be obvious when you get phished. Even careful, security-minded, technical people can fall victim because phishing is just as much of a psychological attack as it is a technical one.

Still, there are some practices you and your staff should use:

Always Use Strong, Unique Passwords

This can solve a lot of problems from the get-go. If your PayPal account gets hacked, and it uses the same password as your email or your bank account, then you may as well assume that your email and bank account are infiltrated too. Never use the same password across multiple sites.

Check the From Email Address in the Header

You’d expect emails from Facebook to come from This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., right? Well, if you get an email about your password or telling you to log into your account and it’s from This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., you’ll know something is up.

Cybercriminals will try to make it subtle. Amazon emails might come from This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. or emails from PayPal might come from This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. It’s going to pay off to be skeptical, especially if the email is trying to get you to go somewhere and sign in, or submit sensitive information.

Don’t Just Open Attachments

This is nothing new, but most malware found on business networks still comes from email attachments, so it’s still a huge problem. If you didn’t request or expect an email attachment, don’t click on it. Scrutinize the email, or even reach out to the recipient to confirm that it is safe. I know it sounds silly, but being security-minded might build security-mindfulness habits in others too, so you could inadvertently save them from an issue if they follow your lead!

Look Before You Click

If the email has a link in it, hover your mouse over it to see where it is leading. Don’t click on it right away.

For example, if the email is about your PayPal account, check the domain for any obvious signs of danger. Here are some examples:

• Paypal.com - This is safe. That’s PayPal’s domain name.
• Paypal.com/activatecard - This is safe. It’s just a subpage on PayPal’s site.
• Business.paypal.com - This is safe. A website can put letters and numbers before a dot in their domain name to lead to a specific area of their site. This is called a subdomain.
• Business.paypal.com/retail - This is safe. This is a subpage on PayPal’s subdomain.
• Paypal.com.activecard.net - Uh oh, this is sketchy. Notice the dot after the .com in PayPal’s domain? That means this domain is actually activecard.net, and it has the subdomain paypal.com. They are trying to trick you.
• Paypal.com.activecardsecure.net/secure - This is still sketchy. The domain name is activecardsecure.net, and like the above example, they are trying to trick you because they made a subdomain called paypal.com. They are just driving you to a subpage that they called secure. This is pretty suspicious.
• Paypal.com/activatecard.tinyurl.com/retail - This is really tricky! The hacker is using a URL shortening service called TinyURL. Notice how there is a .com later in the URL after PayPal’s domain? That means it’s not PayPal. Tread carefully!

Keep in mind, everyone handles their domains a little differently, but you can use this as a general rule of thumb. Don’t trust dots after the domain that you expect the link to be.

Training and Testing Go a Long Way!

Want help teaching your staff how to spot phishing emails? Be sure to reach out to the IT security experts at Coleman Technologies. We can help equip your company with solutions to mitigate and decrease phishing attempts, and help educate and test your employees to prepare them for when they are threatened by cybercriminals.

Let’s discuss what this signifies, and how this may shape how users authenticate themselves in the future.

Defining CAPTCHA

Short for Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart, CAPTCHA has long been the standard tool used by Google to prevent automated spam from polluting the Internet by requiring (in theory) a human being to interact with content in some way before allowing access or a task to successfully be completed.

Back in the early 2000s, CAPTCHA was effective against spambots, being able to bamboozle them by simply requiring images of text to be identified.

The Growing Issues with CAPTCHA

However, once Google gained ownership of CAPTCHA and used it to help digitize Google Books, the text needed to be increasingly distorted to continue to fool optical character recognition. Adding to this was the fact that human beings solving these CAPTCHAs gave optical character recognition the information needed to improve its skills.

This is the downside to CAPTCHA that its creators foresaw from the beginning: at some point, machines would ultimately overtake human capabilities when it came to identifying these images. Furthermore, these tests also need to be universally applicable, working wherever someone is located despite any cultural biases and differences that a user might have.

Since then, CAPTCHA has been replaced by NoCAPTCHA ReCAPTCHA (the one where your user behavior is used to judge your humanity) in 94 percent of websites that use CAPTCHA. Further research and development is in progress to reinforce the security of these tools.

However, automated bots can already bypass CAPTCHA more effectively than most humans can. In fact, in 2014, a machine learning algorithm was made to compete with users to solve distorted text CAPTCHAs and managed to bypass the security measure 99.8 percent of the time, as compared to the humans’ 33 percent. There are also various CAPTCHA-solving programs and services available for use that can effectively access vast amounts of pages for little cost.

What is Being Done to Resecure CAPTCHA

There are many different approaches under consideration to improve the practical efficacy of CAPTCHA—making it simpler for human beings and more difficult for machines as originally intended. To accomplish this, a few different tactics have been explored, some more plausible than others:

• Rather than identifying text or images, users would be asked to classify images of faces, based on expression, gender, and ethnicity (probably not the best option, in today’s contentious environment).
• CAPTCHAs based on trivia and regionalized nursery rhymes, with these culturally based questions designed to overcome bots and overseas hackers alike.
• Image identification that uses cartoons, hidden-image illusions, and other relatively subjective content to outfox automated CAPTCHA-cracking tools.
• CAPTCHA tools that test users by having them perform basic game-like tasks, with instructions given in symbols or contextual hints.
• Device cameras and augmented reality being used as a form of physical authentication.

Finally, a lot of consideration is being put to authentication measures that examine a user’s online behaviors and actions to determine whether there’s a real human being at the controls, or if a clever piece of software is trying to gain access—whether the mouse moves, for instance, or how precise it is as it does. Google itself is starting to examine traffic patterns to test “users” on a case-by-case basis.

There’s even a chance that these kinds of Turing tests will only be passable in the future by selecting an incorrect answer.

Regardless of how, it is only going to become more important to secure your accounts and the information they contain as time passes. Coleman Technologies is here to help you secure your business and its data. Learn more about how we can protect your business with the right IT solutions by calling (604) 513-9428 today.

Scammers look to take advantage of someone else for their own gain, but there are some scammers out there who are trying to scam the scammers to teach them a lesson. One such individual is “Kitboga,” a content creator who calls themselves a “scam baiter.”

Kitboga’s Story is Rooted in Familial Concern

In 2017, Kitboga, or Kit for short, learned about a chatbot that could waste a scam artist's time, expose them online, and showcase the dangers that they represent to particularly vulnerable populations, like the elderly. Kit channeled his expertise in computer software engineering and his concern for his grandparents into developing ways to combat these crimes.

After doing this independently for some time, Kit established a presence on the Twitch live streaming platform to combat scammers in real time. Kit specializes in “scam baiting” content, where he keeps scammers on the line as long as possible and tries to manipulate them into his own traps.

Kit’s strategy is simple: waste as much of their time as possible, while also collecting enough information to potentially report them to authorities like banks, law enforcement, or even the FBI and Secret Service (although it should be noted that neither agency has confirmed involvement or cooperation with the streamer).

Kitboga Scams the Scammers and Educates His Audience

Kit’s streams serve more than just to make fools out of scammers. He is also trying to educate his audience on how these cyberthreats function. These threats will often try to have their victim install malware or spyware, and some ask for people to send them a gift card with the intention of scamming them. He has even seen pig butchering scams, where the scammer will build up trust and then strike when the victim least expects it.

Kit’s far from alone here, too; he has built up a small team to help him in these efforts.

As you can imagine, Kit’s efforts have given his audience significant knowledge of how to spot scams throughout their daily lives. He has even created an AI-powered “honeypot” which lures in scammers, then traps them in constant verification requests for “stolen” (i.e. made up) Bitcoin accounts. Furthermore, he has released his own scam protection software service that helps to keep users safe from scammers whose time cannot be wasted.

If you’re interested in learning more about Kit’s work, you can listen to this fascinating and terrifying conversation with him and Jim Browning on Boston’s NPR station. It’s a great listen, as long as you’re okay with some explicit language.

Don’t Try This At Home

We know it might be fun to try this out for yourself, but know that some scam baiters can incur fines and experience other issues during their work. It’s definitely not something that the average user should ever attempt.

You do have some recourse, though:

4 Tips to Prevent Scams

Remain Calm

Scammers will try to scare you into action, so think things through in the moment. If you receive a message with claims like you owing money in unpaid taxes or you’re facing potential criminal charges, think through how reasonable these claims are before you act.

Avoid Cryptocurrency

If you’re going to make purchases online, use a credit card. Transactions can be canceled in the case of credit card fraud. Plus, credit cards are also insured. 

Never Send Money to Strangers

This should go without saying, but you should never transfer money or give personal information to strangers on the Internet.

Don’t Return Calls

Sometimes scammers will try to pose as a trustworthy entity within the user’s community, like a bank or a customer service number. Don’t call them back at this number; instead, use information publicly available on their website to contact the legitimate entity.

Let Us Help You Out

Naturally, cyberthreat scams like those that Kitboga faces are commonplace, and your business should be prepared to combat them. We recommend you contact us at Coleman Technologies for business-grade solutions. To learn more, call us at (604) 513-9428.

I was talking to some colleagues the other day about cybersecurity and its relationship with modern everyday scams, like phone scams and similar things. In my opinion, it’s worth bundling these two topics together, and we found some interesting statistics that we’d like to share.

What Do We Mean By Scams?

When I say scam, I’m getting into some pretty broad territory. I’m talking about efforts to trick a person into giving their time, energy, money, or something else of value to someone who is trying to earn it through trickery, fear, or emotional manipulation.

In other words, we’re not going to talk about computers very much in this blog post.

Here are just a few examples of some common scams:

• Account issue or password scams - This is usually in the form of an email or text message claiming that there is a problem with an online account or payment, urging you to quickly log in using a fake link, so that a scammer can steal your credentials.
• Fake charity scams - Someone poses as a real or fake charity to try to get money from you.
• Debt collection scams - Someone poses as a debt collector to collect money you owe, or don’t actually owe.
• Settlement and debt relief scams - Someone offering to renegotiate or settle debt with the goal of simply taking your money.
• Mortgage scams - A wide range of scams where the scammer offers relief or tries to trick homeowners into sending their closing costs or payments to somewhere other than the actual lender. This can even result in a scammer owning your house.
• Imposter scams - A scammer pretends to be someone you know (often on social media) or someone with authority you can trust to trick you into sending them money or sensitive information.
• Romance scams - A scammer poses as a new love interest and tricks you into falling for them online so they can trick you out of your money.
• Grandparent scams - A complex scam where a scammer poses as a relative in desperate need for help asking you to transfer money without thinking about it.
• Mail fraud - Legitimate looking mail that is designed to trick you into sending money or personal information.
• Lottery and prize scams - A scammer contacts you to tell you that you’ve won something, and asks you to pay upfront for fees and taxes.
• Mobile payment fraud - Legitimate wallet apps like Venmo, Zelle, and others are full of scammers who will simply request money from you to see if you will fall for it.
• Online sales fraud - Scammers use Facebook Marketplace, Craigslist, and other sites to send money for goods, and then cancel the payment after you’ve shipped the item.
• Money mules - Not a scam in itself, but these are people caught up in a scam that might not even know it. They are recruited to collect money for scammers for various scams.

There are countless more, but this just shows you the scope that we are dealing with.

Scammers use a wide variety of communication methods to trick you, including phone calls, text messages, mail, email, physical meetings, television ads, website ads, social media, or altering legitimate signage and publicly accessible information.

The biggest thing to look out for with any sort of scam is an inflated sense of urgency. The scammers want you to act without thinking, and the most abhorrent scams above, like grandparent scams and imposter scams often make victims believe that a loved one is in danger in order to bypass any common sense one might have. 

Human Beings are Scammed CONSTANTLY

You probably already know this, but it’s easy to drown it all out. How often does your phone ring and say “Scam Likely?” Most of us just sort of ignore it now. Huge portions of the population just simply don’t answer phone calls from people who aren’t in their contacts unless they are expecting something, because most personal phone calls are scams.

What about email? While we’ve come a long way with spam protection, how many emails do you instinctively scroll past because you simply know it’s unsolicited or toxic or some sort of scam? We’re just all conditioned to see these things every day… and then I found some statistics that blew my mind.

It’s estimated that older adults, particularly baby boomers and seniors in general, observe an average of at least one scam every hour of their lives.

That’s a wild number, and while we couldn’t find a report for younger people, those of us who work on computers for eight or nine hours a day or more likely have a similar experience.

Some other things about age and demographics were interesting—Gen Z (people born in the late 1990s through the early 2010s) have reported higher rates of victimization when it comes to online scams. Growing up with the technology doesn’t necessarily mean you are less prone to being victimized while using it.

It’s also believed that older generations, again, baby boomers and seniors, simply don’t always report it when they fall victim to a scam. When people are asked why, they usually say they wanted to take responsibility for their actions, or that they didn’t want to be shamed for it.

You Aren’t Dumb For Falling Victim to a Scam

Let’s make this totally clear. If you look at the numbers, the sheer barrage of constant scams and attacks the average person just simply wades through in a day, it’s an incredible feat that we aren’t all going out of our minds.

Every single one of us has experiences in life where it’s the first time you have dealt with something, and you don’t know what to expect, and this puts you in a vulnerable state.

For instance, if you are a first time home buyer, and someone is mailing you some official-looking information about paying for access to your deed, it’s very possible that it could slip past your fraud-detecting radar. Is this a normal part of the process? Should I just do it? Should I contact my lawyer or my broker or at least ask other homeowners?

The problem is, the home-buying process is exhausting, and now you are in the middle of moving in and wrestling with your Internet service provider, your electric company, your former landlord, a moving company, all while your neighbors are telling you that the last owner always let them pick the apples from your new apple trees. Your fraud-detecting radar is shot and drained at this point, and it’s easier to fall for a simple scam.

The same goes for a grandparent scam—if you get a phone call from a loved-ones phone, and you hear their voice, stressed and tear-filled, pleading to help them, and then a lawyer gets on the phone and says your son/daughter/grandson/granddaughter was in an accident and are being kept in jail and you need to pay bail, your emotions will kick in. As a human being, you are doing the right thing by having an emotional response and reacting with compassion, but the people on the other end of the phone know this and are taking advantage of it.

Being a victim of a scam isn’t your fault. You should always report it, and tell your story so that others can learn from it. You aren’t dumb for being a victim. I’m not going to tell you that being more mindful of these things would have prevented it. If you were scammed, you already know this. You’ve learned your lesson, and like all of us, you’ll continue to be targeted and you’ll continue to avoid 99% of the scams that target you.

The best thing you can do is tell others about it. Turn your story into a warning for others. 

Scam artists follow a very effective playbook that wouldn’t be so effective if everyone was aware of it. They are incredibly good at covering their tracks and making it nearly impossible to get caught, so the best way we can combat these threats is by making the public more aware so that everyone knows what to look for.

Yes, there are cybersecurity measures to help with the online stuff, and that’s incredibly important. I can tell you to make sure you are using strong, secure passwords, and using unique passwords everywhere, and using multi-factor authentication, and making sure your business is secure, etc. Those are critically important, but no cybersecurity protection is going to stop Pam in HR from getting a text message that looks like it comes from the CEO’s phone, asking her to buy a few thousand dollars worth of gift cards to mail out. The only thing that stops that is awareness.

That’s all. Those are just some thoughts we had. This is important stuff, and I can’t stress enough how commonplace it is. Stay vigilant, and don’t hesitate to simply call and ask us if you get something that raises your suspicions. We’re here to protect local businesses, and we hope that we can serve our community at the same time. If you’d like to talk about cybersecurity and how we can protect your business and its people, give us a call at (604) 513-9428.

Chances are, you’re all too familiar with exactly the kind of scam I’m describing. The one that makes the Do Not Call List sound like wishful thinking, that makes it look like someone from your area - or even your contacts list - is trying to reach you.

Chances are, you’ve answered one of these calls, only to hear silence, broken after you say “Hello?” As soon as you do, a (likely prerecorded) voice launches into its tirade, being a nuisance and bothering people.

Chances are, you may have even received angry phone calls from people you’ve never met, let alone called, claiming that your number has been the source of repeated calls just like these.

You aren’t alone.

Unfortunately, the scammers responsible are talented at skirting rules and regulations.
Calls like these have been harassing users for quite some time, simply because the scammers understand how to cheat and find loopholes. This is all despite the efforts of regulatory bodies like the FCC (the Federal Communications Commission).

In November of 2017, the FCC enabled telephone providers to block calls that were presumably fraudulent. This was based on many factors, like the calls coming from invalid numbers or numbers with no service provider attached.

However, the rules outlined in the 2017 Call Blocking Order weren’t enough to stop scam robocalls for long.

Now, we all have had to deal with the huge nuisance of neighbor spoofing. Neighbor spoofing has almost certainly affected you directly, and if you’ve been lucky enough to avoid it, it’s happened to someone you know.

But you may be asking, what is neighbor spoofing?
If your phone rang, and you have caller ID enabled, you’ve probably developed the habit of checking the number before you answer it - after all, a local number is probably safe to pick up.

Neighbor spoofing has made it so that assumption is no longer the case.

Instead of using a fake number to call their targets, scammers using neighbor spoofing will actually use someone’s real number to call someone relatively nearby - sometimes literally next door. If you’ve ever received an angry phone call from someone demanding an explanation for someone with your number repeatedly calling them and harassing them, your number just so happened to be the one that these cybercriminals spoofed.

There have even been reports of people receiving calls from their own number, claiming to be from the phone company as an attempt to “verify a hacked account.”

Neighbor spoofing is also a very effective method for scammers because it can bamboozle the automated protections already in place to stop scam calls, just like it fools the targeted phone’s user. This also keeps the Do Not Call list from affecting these scammers’ attempts (as if it ever stopped them before).

Additionally, many apps may add some unwanted complications, even if they are effective.
There are mobile applications available that are intended to stop robocalls from ringing your smartphone in the first place. One such application, the aptly-named RoboKiller, does this in two ways. First, RoboKiller references a list of numbers identified as spam, and blocks these calls completely. Second, it uses a patented analysis of the call’s audio fingerprint to compare it to those of other spam calls. Regardless of the number it appears to come from, RoboKiller can identify if it is a match to a known attempt.

You’ll only know that you were targeted after you read the notification that RoboKiller provides.

Meanwhile, RoboKiller responds to the scammer with a time-wasting prerecorded message. You can then review the calls that RoboKiller blocked by opening the app on your phone. There, you can listen to a recording of blocked calls to determine which calls were spam, and which were legitimate attempts to reach you. From there, you can whitelist a number by pressing the Allow button.

Users of RoboKiller can also add numbers to their list of permitted callers to allow them to come through. RoboKiller is a subscription-based application that charges $2.99 each month ($24.99 for an annual subscription), which may be seen as a relatively low cost if you’ve received enough of these calls.

As RoboKiller states on their website, “With RoboKiller, you don’t stop neighbor spoofing. You take action in the fight against the robocall epidemic.”

However, this approach isn’t without some worries.

For one, consider the cost of admission for this app. Yes, $2.99 may seem like a bargain if you have a smartphone, but what about all the people who still don’t? Furthermore, many mobile users today are of older generations, and may not understand how to work the application (or again, may not have a device that is compatible with the app). Yet, these worries may not be necessary for long.

Both the government and the telecom industry have had enough.
It wasn’t long after the 2017 Call Blocking Order was released that the attorneys general from a full 40 states came together to form the Robocall Technologies Working Group. This is a bipartisan commission intent on collaborating with service providers to learn about robocalling technology with the ultimate goal of stopping it.

On October 8th, the attorneys general of 35 of those states signed a letter to the FCC stating that the efforts of law enforcement had not and would not be sufficient to stop abusive scam attempts and robocalls. In this letter, the attorneys state some chilling facts:

• 30.5 billion illegal robocalls were made in 2017 alone, up from the estimated 2016 total of 29.3 billion.
• Estimates have placed the total calls made by the end of 2018 to be somewhere near 40 billion.
• Phone scams allowed cybercriminals to steal an estimated $9.5 billion in 2017.
• August of this year saw 1.8 billion scam attempts in the 4 billion illegal robocalls made that month.

Facts like these only highlight the pervasiveness of these scams, and how important it truly is to eliminate them as much as possible. In fact, the Federal Communications Commission has gone on the record to demand that mobile providers figure out a standardized system to help prevent these calls from reaching mobile users, echoing the demands made by the attorneys general.

This system would rely on call authentication to ensure that only legitimate calls would make it though, and that spoofed calls would be caught by requiring all calls be verified as coming from the correct source.

Not only did Commissioner Ajit Pai release a statement to the press demanding that this system be created, he sent a letter to 14 telecom CEOs, including AT&T’s John Donovan, Charter’s Tom Rutledge, Verizon’s Hans Vesterburg, T-Mobile’s John Legere, Comcast’s Brian Roberts, and Google’s Sundar Pichai.

Pai demanded that these changes be ready to deploy in one year, giving telecoms a ticking clock to establish what they call the SHAKEN/STIR framework (Secure Handling of Asserted information using toKENs/Secure Telephone Identity Revisited). This move was met with the approval of the attorneys general, who went on to encourage the FCC “to implement additional reforms, as necessary, to respond to technological advances that make illegal robocalls and illegal spoofing such a difficult problem to solve.”

As the attorneys general said: “Only by working together, and utilizing every tool at our disposal, can we hope to eradicate this noxious intrusion on consumers’ lives.” Fortunately, this will also benefit the businesses that have been affected.

With any luck, we’ll only have to deal with the robocalling nuisance a little while longer. For assistance in keeping other scams from interrupting your business and putting it at risk, reach out to Coleman Technologies. We have the experience to stop the other threats you would otherwise deal with on a daily basis. Call (604) 513-9428 today.